Thursday 7 January 2016

Star Wars


1. How much did Disney pay to acquire the rights to Star Wars from Lucas Film?
$4.05 billion (£2.5 billion)

2. Which other major studios/franchises did Disney acquire in 2006 and 2009 respectively
Pixar for $7.4 billion in 2006
Marvel comics for $4.2 billion in 2009

3. Why did Josh Dickey believe Disney was a good fit for Star Wars?
"They're so good at branding and brands. They're so good at working with existing intellectual property and making it resonate with fans and marketing it very well," he told BBC World Service radio.

4. When did the UK introduce generous tax relief for the film industry?
2007

5. How much has Disney earned in tax rebates since 2007?
£170 m

6. How many people were employed at Pinewood studios when working on Star Wars The Force Awakens?
Recruited 130 people.
7. What is Matthew Vaughan's criticism of the UK's tax arrangement (include the full quotation)?
“I think it’s crazy that we subsidise British movies with tax breaks but we don’t get any of that money back. We’re subsidising Hollywood. We’re service providers. We’re not an industry.”

8. How much was Harrison Ford paid to reprise his role as Han Solo?
$20 million

9. How much money must the film make before its stars earn 'back end bonuses'? (A back end bonus is when an actor agrees to take a lower fee for staring in a film in return for a share of any profit a film makes over an agreed figure.)
$1 billion world wide

10. How much did The Force Awakens take globally on its opening weekend?
$247 million in the US and $529 million globally

11. Which 5 major companies have signed tie in deals with the film?
Pepsi, Burger King, M&MS/Mars, Hasbro and Kellogg's.

12. How was the White House linked with the film?
White house news conferences have been attended by imperial stormtroopers, and the president also got a special White house screening.

13. The article states "only finite resources for a movie like The Force Awakens are screens and seats: you cannot force four buttocks into one movie seat." What solution have cinemas dreamt up to cope with this problem?
They increased the screenings, and also did screening times such as 3am and 5am. The film is played throughout the day and has very late screenings.

14. How many screens are being used for saturation play (placing a film on virtually every screen in a cinema)?
2,500 screens in UK and Ireland and at 670 cinemas.

15. What is the % rise in box office takings thanks to Star Wars?
512% rise.

16. How is the box office split between 2D, 3D and IMAX?
2D-54%
3D-36% 
IMAX-10%

17. How many mentions has the film had on Weibo?
700,000 mentions since the start of December.

18. When does the film open in China?
9th January

19. How was the film promoted to China in October 2015?
They flew in 500 stormtroopers who stood against the Great Wall of China, holding signs saying "The Force Awakens".

20. What other marketing strategy has been used?
The studio hired pop star Lu Han to introduce trailers, with the singers band EXO contributing the single Lightsaber.
TV Drama Representation of Ethnicity

Different ethnic groups are a large part of British and American TV Dramas. Familiar stereotypes of ethnicity are heavily conformed to but commonly challenged amongst many TV dramas. The issues and situations surrounding ethnicity is often built upon to create exciting and touching story-lines. In a clip from 'Hotel Babylon' that I analysed shows the event of a immigration raid. The characters all of different ethnic backgrounds and are represented in different ways.

The clip opens with a mid-shot of a white man, he is dressed in a suit therefore immediately can be depicted as respectable and well educated; this initially conforms to stereotypes of white British men. The camera pans right to show him turning a corner to come face to face with white police men. The two-shot combined with non-diegetic sound of fast-paced music creates the understanding that something bigger is about to happen. The fact that the police men are both white reflects the stereotype that white men hold respectable jobs. The diegetic sound of the police men telling the man that nobody can leave is politely accepted, the white man is represented as polite and well mannered; his reaction is predictable for a white man.

An establishing shot follows, a lobby is revealed and a white blonde girl stands behind the reception desk. As the camera zooms in on the blonde girl, she is attractive and clearly takes care of her appearance with curled hair and neat make up. The mise en scene shows that this white women is represented as narcissistic and conforms to stereotypes of white females.  The use of the camera zoom connotes that she likes attention her ethnicity is represented as self-centred. The shot cuts to an over the shoulder/long shot of police entering into the lobby. The entrance of the characters is far from discreet, in relation to ethnicity this could infer that white people are arrogant and egotistical or it could show them to be proud of their profession and seek the approval and aid of those around them. As the police walk through a mid shot focuses on a black man holding a newspaper, this familiar position of hiding behind a newspaper suggests he is guilty and has something to hide, the representation of the black character is that he could be a criminal therefore supporting stereotypes. Analysing the shots mise en scene, the back man is sitting down as the men walk past, the shot only shows the middle part of their body consequently making the white men appear higher that the black man. This creates the representation of a divide in ethnicity and suggests the negative idea of inequality. An over the shoulder shot shows the police man in charge speaking to the receptionist, he introduces himself which highlights the good manners associated with white people. As the women alerts Ben and the other staff through a code about the police being there a close up shot of the police man reflects his suspicions and connotes his intelligence and good education.

Fast paced editing and cuts are used when the men are running to inform 'Jackie' of the presence of the police. The white man says 'Jackie' followed by the black man saying 'immigration', this simple diegetic sound reflects the representations of the men. The white man is shown to be more of a polite and intelligent man whereas the black man is straight to the point, less hesitation. 'Jackie', an Asian character is first shown in a mid-shot. She looks very well put together and her red lipstick gives her an element of glamour whilst holding a professional look. Additionally, diegetic sounds show that she is in heels, she is represented as very feminine. There is a lot of shouting and chaos as she enters the kitchen, mise en scene reflect the ethnic groups as being hard working.

A shot of the Asian women and immigrants is shot from being some bars, this connotes being trapped. The characters are being targeted in the clip and being trapped and scared by white people therefore the clip creates a representation of white people that conforms to the stereotype that they are racist. In association with this is the diegetic sound of the jingling keys which is repeated through out the scene which implies that the Asian lady has control of the situation.

The mid-shot of a black man hoovering with his earphones associates black people with music which supports stereotypes that all black people are very involved with and get enjoyment out of music. As this man is taken by the police, a tilt down angle is used as the white man walks away making the audience lose respect for the white man and creating a negative representation.

Once the black man saves the diabetic lady he says, "I wasn't always a cleaner", this diegetic sound creates the representation that black people are not given a fair chance and they are just as respectable and intelligent as white people. In the background of this is the diegetic sound of shuffling feel which reflects the nerves of the immigrants and the power and control white people have over them in this situation.The Asian lady is thankful to the cleaner and is stroking the head of the lady with care. The camera shot zooms in on her face as she reacts to the diegetic sound of knocking on the door. A hand held camera follows her as she walks to the door and unlocks it with mild hesitation. Her character is represented as brave and intelligent, a very positive representation of her ethnicity.

In the clip the Asian lady pleads to the white police man to let her employee go but he declines her with no pity. His representation builds as arrogant and selfish. The camera zooms in on her face as she begs to connote her as an honest and caring character. Once the police leave the lobby, the camera pans left from the blonde receptionist to a waiter and the shot reveals only white people that look quite shocked and uncomfortable with the situation therefore continuing the negative representation of white people being snobs.

As 'Jackie' clears the locker of the man that was taken away by the police the non-diegetic music slows down and creates a sombre atmosphere therefore making the audience feel sympathy for the black man and emphasise the negative representation of the white man. The clip ends with a left pan of the immigrants sitting eating their dinner. The shot rests on two black characters praying at the table before eating their meal. This creates a very religious representation of black people. As the black lady picks up her fork to begin she is stopped by the man as he finished praying, this implies his dominance and perpetuates the representation of their comintment to religion.

The clip alone shows a negative representation of white people, the situation provokes arrogance and selfishness and reflects commitment the police had to their profession. The clip created a very positive representation of the Asian character as she came across as very caring and selfless.



Representation of Gender in TV Dramas

Representation of Gender in TV Dramas

Within British and American TV Drama gender representations vary widely to create a range of diverse interesting characters. Although, there are plenty of stereotypes associated with gender they are equally conformed to as challenged in modern TV drama. In the British TV drama Luther there are many gender representations, in a clip I analysed I can see that gender representations are strongly built upon the way others react to each other and how they are portrayed within the situation.

The opening shot is a close up of a man named Ian, he looks sad; with red eyes and pale skin which challenges the stereotype that men hide their feeling and don't show emotion. The shot soon cuts to a close up/point of view shot to show Luther who looks confident and calm. He says, "that's not going to work Ian" this diegetic sound contributes to Luther's representation being rational and open as he doesn't hide the fact he sees through Ian's attempts. The characters are both dressed smartly in clothes that fit into the office environment, this mise en scene creates a representation that both are respectable men with respectable professions. A shot reverse shot is used to show the tension between Ian and Luther, it suggests they unlikely to give in to the other portraying the pride a man feels and the importance of protecting his dignity. Luther raises his voice and is mildly aggressive as he pokes Ian with a gun. There is non-diegetic sound in the background, it creates an ambiguous atmosphere and doesn't give clues to the forthcoming situation. The relaxed background sound doesn't allow the fast paced editing of fast shot cuts to create a fast  moving scene it maintains the scene to remain calm and reflects the men as remaining relatively calm.

An over the shoulder shot shows Luther's reaction to Ian's comments, he raises a gun against Ian's head; this creates a representation that this man is very dangerous and unpredictable. As this happens the non-diegetic background music builds up but doesn't increase its tempo. A mid-shot shows Luther throwing his gun behind him and aggressively grabs Ian by the neck and begins to strangle him. This sudden change makes this man appear ruthless and scary. His actions represent anger and violence in his personality. An abrupt cut shows Luther holding Ian over a bar railing, this cut isn't noticeable because the shots are fluent but it adds to the sudden increase of pace in the scene and connotes the stereotypical bad temper men have and how they can suddenly flip.

 A close up shot of Ian makes him look helpless which challenges the stereotypes of men which are normally that a man always fights back and has lots of self confidence to win a fight. The camera pans down from Luther to Ian to emphasise that Luther is very strong and a dangerous man to mess with. This TV drama creates a very violent representation of men. A low angle shot shows Luther looking down on Ian, this highlights the way men see themselves as better than others and intend to dominate others. As Luther says he will arrest Ian a close up of Ian's hand shows his pulling out a knife and stabbing Luther with it, at this point the non-diegetic sound cuts off and the groans and heavy breathing of the men takes its place. The groans of pain from Luther show that he is in pain but connotes his inner strength to not give in. A mid shot shows Ian kicking Luther while shouting that its Luther's fault that he's doing it, his blame in Luther creates a representation that he is a very weak minded man and he is in denial and incapable of taking responsibility, this creates a negative representation of men.

The use of an over the shoulder shot shows the entrance of the female character Alice holding a gun. She immediately desires the attention of the dangerous male character Ian which connotes she doesn't fear him like a stereotypical female would, she doesn't conform to stereotypes that women are weak, easily scared and helpless. Before Ian can finish his question Alice answers with confidence creating the positive representation of an empowered female therefore challenging the stereotype of oppressed women and the common idea that women are insecure and lack self confidence. By taking the attention from Luther she is however conforming to the stereotype that women are less selfish than men as she is endangering herself for a man.

A mid-shot of Alice portrays a representation that she takes pride in her appearance. A close up shot shows Ian is intimidated by Alice which challenges the stereotypical binaries between men and women. Luther tells Alice to not shoot but she follows her own decision and isn't influenced by a man, which is a positive representation of an independent woman. However, Alice shoots Ian which makes her seem selfish and lack rational thinking. A shallow focus shot is on Luther while the other characters are out of focus, this connotes his mental stability and allows the audience to question that of the other characters.